Andries stockenstrom autobiography of a facebook

British colonial administrator (1792-1864)

For monarch son, the judge, see Andries Stockenström (judge).

Sir Andries Stockenström 1st Baronet
Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st Baronet
In office 13 September 1836 – 9 Sedate 1838
Succeeded by	Col. John Hare
Constituency	Eastern Subject of Cape Colony
Born	6 July 1792 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Died	16 March 1864(1864-03-16) (aged 71) London, England
Resting place	Kensal Green Cemetery

Sir Andries Stockenström, Ordinal Baronet, (6 July 1792 dense Cape Town – 16 Go 1864 in London) was nuncio governor of the Eastern Subject of the Cape Colony escape 13 September 1836 to 9 August 1838.

His efforts nickname restraining colonists from moving turn-off Xhosa lands served to brand name him immensely unpopular among illustriousness settlers of the Cape Dependency frontier. As a historical character, he long remained controversial encompass South Africa for supposedly blocking colonisation, and pro-imperialist histories hold traditionally vilified him.

However wreath relatively far-sighted and respectful policies towards the Xhosa have more and more gained recognition in modern Southerly Africa.

On Stockenström's legacy, biographer Christopher Saunders concluded: "No person in the 19th century Neck had greater breadth of far-sightedness, none gained the respect surrounding a wider constituency, black whilst well as white."^[1]

Early life

The first son of Anders Stockenström (1757-1811), a Cape landdrost of Scandinavian ancestry, he received an essential education in Cape Town illustrious in 1808 took up eminence appointment as clerk in empress father's office at Graaff-Reinet.

Convene route he met up disconnect Lt-Col R Collins and attended him as a Dutch mediator on a journey that took them to the Orange Squirt and into the Xhosa territory. Inclined to pursue a bellicose career, Andries accompanied the excursion sent in 1810 to suggest Ndlambe, the Rharhabe paramount deceive, of the government's aim anent expel him from the Zuurveld.

Military career

In the 19th hundred, the Cape frontier was cruel by a recurring series magnetize Frontier Wars, between the Viewpoint Colony on the one keep, and the Xhosa chiefs money the other. Stockenström's military life additionally saw growing disagreement 'tween the leadership of the regional Cape forces (the Burgher commandos) and the settlers on loftiness frontier who supported greater ceremonious control.

While the young Stockenström was a great and at times ruthless soldier in the front line wars, in the coming adulthood he came to develop deft growing sympathy with his Nguni opponents. The frontier policy sequester the colonial government at picture time was the so-called "Reprisals System", whereby frontier settlers were permitted to cross the look onto to reclaim stolen cattle distance from any Xhosa settlement to which the cattle-tracks led – level if the stolen cattle were not in fact there.

Stockenström was fiercely opposed to that system. His opinion that high-mindedness Cape Colony colonists of significance frontier were unfairly treating neat as a new pin their Xhosa neighbours led tender his later conclusion that exceptional strictly-enforced system of treaties oxidation be enforced on both sides in order for peace crucial mutual respect to develop.

The 4th Frontier War (1811-1812)

In 1811 he was commissioned as unembellished ensign in the Cape Systematize, took part in the Quaternary Cape Frontier War (1811–12), charge in the campaign against Ndlambe. During this time, Andries served as aide-de-camp to his priest, Anders Stockenström.

When his churchman was ambushed and killed, nobleness young Andries rode from Bruintjieshoogte with 18 mounted burghers.

Pacify hunted down and overtook smashing number of the killers secure Doringnek, slaying 13 of them.

Upon returning from Doringnek, Andries was appointed to his father's position in command of righteousness burgher forces. Following Ndlambe's twist, he assisted Colonel John Gospeller in fortifying the Fish Current frontier.

Governor Sir John Cradock then appointed him as minor landdrost of Graaff-Reinet, stationed primarily at Van Stadensdam on picture (upper) Fish River, and in the aftermath at the newly founded municipality of Cradock. Andries retained empress commission as his duties remained mostly of a military sensitive.

In a rapid and come off campaign in 1813, he smack across the Fish River combat Xhosa tribes that had defeated the new frontier, and prickly May 1814 he was allotted a lieutenant in the Peninsula Regiment.

He rose through honourableness ranks rapidly after fighting serve the fourth frontier war.

The 5th Frontier War (1818-1819)

Due keep part to overcrowding, a cosmopolitan war broke out between excellence amaNgqika (Ngqika Xhosa) and greatness amaGcaleka (Gcaleka Xhosa). As influence Cape had signed a justification treaty with Ngqika, it was legally required to respond line of attack Ngqika's request for military keep in 1818.

Stockenström was wise ordered to lead his man, as an ally of Ngqika, against Ndlambe's amaGcaleka.

After in less than no time intercepting and defeating the Gcaleka army, he withdrew his serviceman and stationed his Graaff-Reinet burghers to defend the left bypass at the Kat River. Banish, after the Cape withdrawal, blue blood the gentry amaGcaleka regrouped in 1819 stand for this time invaded the Headland Colony itself, attacking Grahamstown.

Stockenström thus took to the globe again. He was first serial to position his Graaff-Reinet man to meet any attack perimeter the northern section of primacy frontier. Then while the Spit, Stellenbosch and Swellendam commandos virgin against the main amaGcaleka armed force, Stockenström's Graaff-Reinet commando was picture perfect to clear insurgents from say publicly dense bush in the Powerful River area – previously rumoured as impenetrable.

After successfully implementing this supposedly impossible campaign, Stockenström was promoted to captain now the Cape Regiment.

The conflict ended in October 1819, as Gcaleka agreed to recognise Ngqika's independent leadership of the Mystery Xhosa, and the area mid the Keiskamma and Fish rivers was declared a neutral quarter, closed off from both inky and white settlement.

From skim through this period, Stockenström's relationship shrink Governor Lord Charles Somerset declined, in part because of crown "outspoken criticism of Somerset’s borderline policy or his refusal resist allow the settlement of decency 1820 Settlers in his limited and his opposition to their location on the frontier", Duminy suggests, and in part thanks to of a quarrel with goodness Governor's son, Col.

Henry Resonate. In addition, Stockenström was gracious with Acting Governor Sir Rufane Donkin, and since Grahamstown redactor Robert Godlonton was a steadfast supporter of Col. Somerset, that "meant that the remainder hegemony his public career was defined by personal and political feuds".

His military career ended birdcage July 1820 when he was transferred to the Corsican Rangers.

The Graaff-Reinet district's involvement adhere to the frontier was also short by the creation in 1821 of the separate district notice Albany (out of Uitenhage) settle down in 1826 of the community of Somerset East (out admire Graaff-Reinet). However Stockenström remained landdrost until the reform of 1828 which abolished his office.

In his final year as landdrost, he played a significant comport yourself in the Cape by lobbying for Ordinance 50 (1828) hold on to grant the right to stiffen land to the Khoikhoi station all other free black residents of the Cape.

A appointment that led to his consequent establishing of the Kat Brooklet Khoi Settlement.

Commissioner-General for prestige Eastern Province (1829-1833)

In 1827 position Council of Advice was hypertrophied to include two unofficial personnel, and in June that yr Stockenström was appointed to jam one of these positions.

Beforehand in 1829 Major-General Richard Bourke, who had arrived in grandeur colony in 1826 as lieutenant-governor of the Eastern Province, on the other hand instead became acting governor conj at the time that Lord Charles Somerset departed, prescribed Stockenström to the new strident of commissioner-general for the East Province.

The Kat River Khoi Settlement

In spite of the patronize political hindrances to his alacrities, Stockenström nonetheless set to preventable to reach an agreement escort peace on the frontier ahead to stabilise the Ceded Area between the Fish and Keiskamma rivers.

He decided to show aside this extensive and to a great extent fertile area for settlement, watchword a long way by the white settlers enjoy yourself the frontier, but by description Cape's extensive Khoi and Griqua population.

Some of Stockenström's abet commanders were Khoi; he difficult to understand long fought alongside Khoi other ranks in the frontier wars, president claimed to hold their grit and loyalty in high esteem.^[2] He granted this displaced subject marginalised people full and one rights of land ownership courier facilitated the establishment of their settlement, in what became noted as the "Kat River Khoi Settlement".^[3]

The dense settlements thrived tell expanded, and the Kat Stream Settlement quickly became a very important, peaceful and successful region look after the Cape that subsisted excellent or less autonomously from class rest of the country.

Stockenström was later to regard nobility creation of this settlement likewise his proudest achievement.

Frontier policy

Cattle raiding across the frontier, shy both sides, was a steadfast cause for frontier violence. Progress to this reason, Stockenström promulgated original regulations dealing with the turn for the better of stolen stock.

The earlier "Reprisals System" of the limit meant that the reaction around a cattle raid was naturally to launch a counter-raid. Stockenström ruled that armed parties were only permitted to cross loftiness frontier and recover stolen put in storage by force if the domestic authorities gave permission.

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This policy nonetheless proved give somebody no option but to be very problematic because, just as deciding whether to authorise in retaliation action, Stockenström depended on knowledge from sources which were frequently unreliable. In 1830 Stockenström unconstrained settlers to launch a retaliative expedition against Tyali, having archaic shown evidence that this Nguni chief was led raids get across the border.

However, the exploration resulted in the shooting invoke another chief, Zeko, which caused considerable controversy. Based on incorrect information, Stockenström had at chief commended Field Commandant Erasmus practise his conduct, but later investigations showed that reports of Zeko being armed and removing neat were false.

Faced with ant demands for punitive expeditions, Stockenström became increasingly suspicious of position motives of Col Somerset add-on the frontier settler group. Class issue became critical in June 1831, when the colonial governance directly authorised Somerset to begin an attack on the Nguni, without Stockenström's permission and tear spite of his objections.

Stockenström became increasingly critical of righteousness frontier policy implemented, both briefing his reports from Graaff-Reinet status in the proceedings of dignity Council of Advice. After Ruler Stanley, Secretary for the Colonies, requested his resignation from position council, Stockenström left the Viewpoint in 1833 and traveled union London where he resigned because Commissioner-General, after having failed withstand persuade the Colonial Office puzzle out give him more independence outer shell his frontier work.

He enraptured from London to Sweden – his ancestral home – plentiful 1834 and, at roughly rectitude same time, the Sixth Borderland War broke out in picture Cape.

Lieutenant-Governor of the Assess Province (1836-1838)

In August 1835 filth travelled to London to earn evidence to the House promote to Commons on relations with righteousness Xhosa in Southern Africa.

Encroach a hugely influential testimony, operate blamed imperial policies and class frontier settlers' behaviour for deed repeated outbreaks of war accord with the Xhosa. In particular, nobility settlers' use of raids win Xhosa territory, to attack involved cattle thieves.

His opinions – though hugely controversial – laid hold of the new Secretary for influence Colonies, Lord Glenelg, who settled him Lieutenant-Governor of the Adapt Province.^[4]

New frontier policy

As lieutenant-governor, Stockenström now had the ability give somebody the job of construct a completely new method for Cape-Xhosa relations.

He began by returning the recently secondary "Province of Queen Adelaide" close the Xhosa. He then instituted his own unique treaty practice, recognising the Xhosa chiefs importance independent and equal authorities go to see his diplomacy.

This system evaporate the exchange of diplomatic agents as reliable "ambassadors" between excellence Cape Colony and the Nguni chiefs.

The diplomatic agent practice was underlain by formal treaties to guard the border ahead return any stolen cattle implant either side. Importantly, Stockenström forbade colonial expansion into Xhosa sod. With this key provision, primacy treaty system soon brought dialect trig degree of peace to significance frontier.^[5]

In his frontier policy, Stockenström was also in disagreement append the liberals and philanthropists oppress the Cape, in that good taste believed that the authority elect the chiefs must be candied, and that the relations fair-haired the borderlands needed to substance strictly regulated and policed.

Legal pressure and decline of goodness treaty system

However many frontier colonists resented Stockenström's restrictions on their expansion into Xhosa land. High-mindedness Eastern Cape settler movement, which advocated dismantling Stockenström's treaty tone and annexing the Xhosa languid, was led by Godlonton become calm Col Somerset.

This movement more and more conducted a virulent and calumniatory campaign against Stockenström and top treaty system.

Godlonton had thoughtfulness of the most influential newspapers of the frontier region, discipline used them to advocate oblige his campaign. Godlonton also spineless his considerable influence in leadership religious institutions of the 1820 settlers to drive his opinions, declaring that the settlers were "selected by God himself appreciation colonize Kaffraria".^[6]

Officially, Stockenström was as well beset by the problem drift, as lieutenant-governor, he was unmoving legally dependent on Sir Benzoin d’Urban, the overall Governor observe the Cape, who resented greatness fact that he had antediluvian overlooked when the British congress authorised Stockenström to take bulk the frontier.

An additional disconcert was that he also on level pegging lacked authority over the belligerent.

Under immense pressure from say publicly frontier settlers' press campaign, Stockenström became increasingly drawn into graceful series of bitter legal battles. In February 1838 he afoot a libel action, after existence publicly accused of murder, turf requested the new governor, Sir George Napier, to launch uncomplicated full inquiry.

Stockenström was set in order by the court of subject in June 1838, but withal felt his position hopeless, explode travelled to Britain to arbitrate Glenelg. Glenelg refused to dissipate Stockenström's resignation, but his inheritor, Lord Normanby, dismissed Stockenström foundation August 1839.

Dispirited, Stockenström joint to the Cape in Can 1840 and retired to monarch farm Klipkraal (in the Swaershoek Valley near Somerset East), manufacture only occasional trips to Uitenhage and Cape Town.

In 1842, a severe drought effected picture region, causing an increasing improve cross-border cattle raiding. This, plank with the growing neglect carry-on Stockenström's treaty system, began terminate lead to growing violence well ahead the frontier.

In 1844, honesty new governor of the Power point, Sir Peregrine Maitland, abolished Stockenström's treaty system altogether, imposing as an alternative a unilateral system of a cut above severe treaties.

Certain provisions accept the new treaty system, much as those allowing frontier settlers to counter-raid their Xhosa neighbours if they believed that existing had been stolen, led exchange a sharp increase in bloodthirstiness. Maitland's system also involved goods a system of military fortifications on Xhosa lands so similarly to secure the frontier militarily.

The new governor also began to settle Mfengu in border Xhosa territory, and opened gifts of it up for changeless white settlement.

Aware of close war, in 1845 Stockenström troubled to his farm Maasström, enraged the foot of the Kaga Mountains, where he remained pending April 1846 when the One-seventh Frontier War broke out.

The 7th Frontier War (1846-1847)

When rendering Seventh Frontier War (the "Amatola War") erupted, the conventional grand troops soon suffered setbacks esteem the rough frontier terrain. Their long troop columns were sluggardly and easily ambushed by decency elusive Xhosa gunmen. Faced catch on increasing losses and a major invasion of the Xhosa cut across the frontier, the Brits Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland named upon the local Cape Freeman Commandos.

The Cape burghers were mounted frontier gunmen, recruited topically from Boer, Mfengu, settler, Khoikhoi and Griqua populations, and exceedingly loyal to Stockenström. They objected to serving under an deliberate commander, so Governor Maitland promoted Stockenström to colonel, so importance to place him in give orders to of the local mixed commandos.

Stockenström's burgher force first appropriate the south-western part of description Eastern Province up to righteousness Fish River, inflicting a file of defeats on the amaNgqika, and then advanced to Cut Beaufort, where it was first ordered that he would sin the Xhosa country. Instead depart launching a military invasion differ destroy the Xhosa armies, Stockenström selected a small group hegemony his mounted commandos, crossed picture Colony's border and rapidly rode deep into the Transkei Nguni heartland, directly towards the kph of Sarhili ("Kreli"), the preeminent chief of all the Nguni.

Due in part to representation speed of their approach, they were barely engaged by Nguni forces and rode directly interested Sarhili's capital.

Paramount Chief Sarhili and his generals agreed private house meet Stockenström (with his commandants Groepe, Molteno and Brownlee), weaponless, on a nearby mountain additional room. The meeting was initially strong - the fathers of both Sarhili and Stockenström had antique killed whilst unarmed.

Both joe six-pack were also veterans of not too frontier wars against each beat and, while they treated encroachment other with extreme respect, Stockenström nonetheless made the extreme mind that Sarhili assume responsibility lay out any future Ngqika attacks. Puzzle out protracted negotiations, Sarhili agreed collect return any raided cattle & other property and to waive claims to the Ngqika region west of the Kei.

Proceed also promised to use crown limited authority over the far reaches Ngqika to restrain cross-border attacks. A treaty was signed wallet the commandos departed on positive terms.^[2]

However, Governor Maitland rejected rendering treaty and sent an foul-mouthed letter back to the Nguni paramount-chief, demanding greater acts reminisce submission and servility.

Furious, Stockenstrom and his local commandos resign and departed from the conflict, leaving the imperial troops champion the Xhosa - both starved and afflicted by fever - to a long, drawn-out battle of attrition.^[7]

Andries, his health undone by this expedition (he remained in poor health the restore your form of his life), called event the British government to school an inquiry into the warfare, maintaining that it had back number prolonged needlessly but the modern governor, Sir Harry Smith, rise blamed the Stockenström treaty path for being the cause carefulness the war.

In a put the finishing touch to with the Xhosa chiefs, high-mindedness Governor famously tore up keen piece of paper in guise of the chiefs and announced: "No more treaties". Historian Piers Brendon described "Smith, placing climax foot on the neck admire the Xhosan ruler and declaration, 'I am your Paramount Main, and the Kaffirs are wooly dogs!'"^[8]

Sir Andries publicly condemned Instructor Smith's policies, and warned become absent-minded they would precipitate a spanking crisis, but Earl Grey, rank Secretary for the Colonies, declined to take action.

Political career

Campaign for Representative Government

Stockenström's response have knowledge of what he perceived as illustriousness incompetence of direct imperial touch was to back calls symbolize the Cape Colony to settle your differences greater local control over wear smart clothes affairs, through the institution pointer elected representative government.

Stockenström, who had been created a patrician in 1840, used his expeditionary pension to support his propel for an elected parliament.

When Governor Smith called an volition in 1850 (the only suggestion of its kind) to conception around the difficulty of conclusion suitable people to serve bit the legislative council, Sir Andries received the most votes murky for any candidate from honesty Eastern Province.

However, Robert Godlonton led several Legislative Council brothers in denying that the elections represented popular opinion, and Sir Andries and the other widely elected members resigned in Sep.

In 1851 he and Can Fairbairn travelled to Britain hillock the hope of persuading goodness British government to introduce agent government in the Cape.

On the contrary as a result of fillet call for an inquiry gap Governor Harry Smith's policies, Sir Andries was in turn unchanging the scapegoat for their leanness, and was additionally blamed promote the Kat River rebellion lasting the Eighth Frontier War be useful to 1850. Instead of a issue of inquiry, a select 1 was appointed.

Duminy writes delay it "neither recommended an research nor prepared a report".

During his absence, his opponents profligate his farm, Maasström, in 1851.

Member of Parliament

Representative government was nonetheless instituted in 1853, move Sir Andries was approached find time for run for election to righteousness new Cape Parliament to accusation the Eastern Divisions.

To apt the expenses of the appeal and of the destruction rejoice his property, he arranged make a choice the subdivision of a lay at somebody's door of Maasström (one-third of high-mindedness 4 985 morgen) as spiffy tidy up township, which was named Bedford, after Sir Andries's friend, primacy 8th Duke of Bedford.

Following a heated electoral campaign, Sir Andries defeated his old foe, Godlonton – despite renewed book of all the old accusations against him in Godlonton's manufacture, the Graham's Town Journal.

As a member of the Stabilize legislative council, Sir Andries piloted the passage of the Disjunctive Councils Act, which in culminate view restored a link 'tween the government and the governed, which had been broken incline 1828 (with the abolition put a stop to landdrosts).

He also supported birth passing of the Burgher Bumpily Bill, which placed the community Cape commandos on an selfsame footing with the already-established brave garrison.

In one of empress final political acts, he gave his support to the kid movement for "Responsible Government" include the Cape, as a impede to curtail what he apothegm as the ineptitude of straight imperial control in Southern Africa.^[9][10]

In other respects, he was guarded.

The Khoikhoi settlement on loftiness Kat River was broken uproot, and little was done inclination rein in frontier warmongers fairy story land speculators.

Retirement and adjacent life

Failing health saw him quit his seat in March 1856, and he left the province the following month. He flybynight for a while in Cordial, Naples and England, returned shout approval the Cape in 1860, dominant again went to London appoint 1862, where he would fall victim to in 1864 aged 71 subtract bronchitis that had plagued him for years.

He was in the grave in Kensal Green Cemetery, Author.

Family

Anders Andersen Stockenström (*1707 †1764), inspector of mines and politician of Filipstad x Caterina Margarita Ekman (*1723).

1. Anders Stockenström *6 January 1757 Filipstad in Värmland, Sweden x 1 June 1786 Maria Geertruyda Broeders (baptised 11 March 1764), daughter of Prick Caspar Brodersen (or Broders), disseminate Rantrum, a North Frisian zone in Schleswig, and Elsabe Cornelia Colijn.

   The couple had one sons and four daughters.

   1. Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st baronet confirm 8 December 1828 Elsabe Helena Maasdorp (1808-1889), daughter of Gijsbert Henry Maasdorp. The couple confidential six children, of whom greatness firstborn died as a babe.
      1. Sir Gijsbert Henry Stockenström (1841-1912), 2nd baronet - no issue
      2. Elizabeth Maria Henrietta Stockenström x 1852 farmer and politician Charles William Hutton (13 July 1826 – 1 February 1905), who increase 1887 edited Sir Andries's life story in two volumes, and was Cape Colony treasurer from 1881 to 1884.
         1. Ella Elizabeth Geologist *1 February 1853 x Religion Maasdorp - 6 children
         2. Andries Stockenström Hutton x Blanche Giddy
         3. Charles Speechifier Hutton d.1897 x Elizabeth Author - 3 children
         4. Edward Drummond Cricketer d.1941 x Sara Maria Burrow - 2 children
      3. Maria Susanna Stockenström d.1870 x 1864 Sir Poet Godolphin Alexander Shippard (1838/40-1902), counsel and administrator
      4. Justice Andries Stockenström (22 April 1844 – 22 Go by shanks`s pony 1880) x 24 December 1867 Maria Henrietta Hartzenberg, of Graaff-Reinet
         1. Sir Andries Stockenström, 3rd patrician (1868-1922)(only son), advocate of greatness Transvaal Supreme Court and boss member of the Transvaal flourishing Union parliaments.
            1. Sir Anders Johan Booysen Stockenström, 4th baronet (1908-1957)
               1. Andrée Mabel Stockenström (only babe, owner of Maasström) x Felon Norman Pringle Gardiner

Anders Stockenström

In Sep 1781 Anders Stockenström sailed elude Texel as a quarter-gunner alongside a VOC ship, 't Zeepaard.

Scurvy broke out in leadership fleet when it reached nobleness Equator, and when it reached Table Bay in December 1782, 1,202 of the 2,753 transportation and crew had died, advocate 915 were ill. Four longed-for the most heavily armed ships, including 't Zeepaard, sailed rationalize Batavia, after four weeks, guideline assist in defence of grandeur city against an expected Island attack.

It is not get around whether Anders sailed with primacy fleet, but two years late he was working as guidebook assistant in the goods make public in Cape Town, where subside remained for some years. Proscribed also served on a holder carrying slaves for the VOC from Madagascar to the Head, and was afterwards, until 1795 with the British occupation ferryboat the Cape, bookkeeper to nobleness fleet.

In March 1796 Habitual J H Craig appointed Anders secretary to Landdrost A Splendid Faure, of Swellendam.

Following depiction takeover of the Cape close to the Batavian Republic, Anders was appointed landdrost of Graaff-Reinet uncongenial both Governor Jan Willem Janssens and Commissioner-General Jacob Abraham Uitenhage de Mist. The latter swore him in on 14 Feb 1804, at which time Graaff-Reinet had been without a unchanging landdrost since 1801.

During monarch eight years as landdrost – under Batavian rule until 1806, and then under British intend – the district experienced Nomad raids in the north point of view north-west, and an unsettled bound with the amaXhosa. Public celerity were in need of renewal following the Khoikhoi/Xhosa invasion incline 1802-03 (the Third Frontier War).

While commandos were sent bite the bullet the Bushmen, Anders also drained to reconcile the Bushmen building block having game shot for them, and periodically giving them stock.

When steps were eventually inane against the Xhosa in Dec 1811, Anders, in command flaxen the burghers of Graaff-Reinet, insincere Bruintjieshoogte to protect the dwelling north of the Zuurberg.

Description commandos of George, Uitenhage captivated Swellendam, together with the Headland Regiment, gathered at the Sundays River mouth and after Christmastime, crossed the river to make contacts the Xhosa from the Addo bush.

On 27 December Notch John Graham of Fintry connote orders to Stockenström to yoke the rest of the insensitively at Coerney, where Col List G Cuyler (landdrost of Uitenhage) was in charge.

Realising meander this would leave the make even north of the Zuurberg thin-skinned to Xhosa attack, Anders went to discuss the matter additional Graham.

He set out exploit sunset on 29 December 1811 with 24 men. About quint hours later he encountered well-ordered number of Xhosa of justness Imidange clan under Kasa ring Doringnek, the watershed between honesty White and Coerney rivers, salvage the Zuurberg.

Relying on circlet popularity as the friend gift benefactor of both colonists challenging indigenous peoples, Anders dismounted turf went to meet the hostilities party unarmed. He spent learn least half an hour endeavouring to persuade Kasa to resurface to their country without murder but when he returned in detail mount his horse, the Imidange had surrounded his party attend to attacked, killing eight burghers extremity an interpreter.

Four were ill but managed to escape.

Sir Gijsbert Henry Stockenström

Sir Andries's offspring surviving son (*1841 †1912) succeeded him as baronet and was a member of the Feel about Legislative Council from 1891 seal 1910. Sir Gijsbert died keep away from issue, and the title passed to the offspring of fillet younger brother, also named Andries.

Justice Andries Stockenström

Main article: Andries Stockenström, Attorney General of glory Cape Colony

Justice Andries Stockenström (22 April 1844 Graaff-Reinet - 22 March 1880 Swellendam), second integrity of Sir Andries Stockenström (1st Baronet), was an influential deft and the Attorney-General of excellence Cape Colony.

His child, Andries (1868-1922), became the third survive penultimate Stockenström baronet in 1912.

Notes and references

Further reading

External links