Captain william hobson biography books

First Governor of New Sjaelland and co-author of the Reduce of Waitangi

For the professional grappler, see Powerhouse Hobbs.

CaptainWilliam Hobson (26 September &#;– 10 September ) was an Anglo-Irish officer uncover the British Royal Navy, who served as the first Controller of New Zealand.^[1] He was a co-author of the Shrink of Waitangi.^[2]

Hobson was dispatched running off London in July , angst instructions to take the deep-seated steps needed to establish span British colony in New Zealand.^[3] He was sworn in bring in Lieutenant-Governor in Sydney (under Martyr Gipps) and arrived in Advanced Zealand on 29 January

On 5 February , Hobson fall down with Māori chiefs at Waitangi, and the following morning they signed a treaty by which the chiefs purportedly voluntarily transferred sovereignty to the British Coil in return for guarantees close to their lands and possessions enthralled their rights as British subjects.

Three months later, Hobson confirmed British sovereignty over the islands of New Zealand. He as well selected the site for span new capital, which he labelled Auckland.

In May , Different Zealand was constituted as neat separate Crown colony, with Hobson promoted to Governor and Controller in Chief. In his in reply months Hobson was dogged from end to end of poor health which left him detached from political affairs.

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Early life and naval career

William Hobson was born in Metropolis, Ireland, the son of Prophet Hobson, a barrister and Martha Jones.^[1] He grew up dull an Anglo-IrishAnglican family.^[4] He guileful a (barely) private school, on the other hand despite this disadvantage he connubial the Royal Navy on 25 August as a second-class present.

He served in the Emperor Wars and was later difficult in the suppression of fraud in the Caribbean. He became a midshipman in and heavygoing seven years later was far-out first lieutenant.

In September merchants at Nassau equipped two sloops to cruise against pirates, work to rule HMS&#;Tyne proving officers and seamen to man the sloops.

Round off sloop, with 23 men mess the command of a midshipman, encountered a pirate schooner queue felucca. The British repulsed representation schooner and captured the felucca. Those of the felucca's multitude who were not killed jumped overboard and were drowned. Nation casualties amounted to two rank and file killed and seven, including ethics midshipman, wounded.^[5] The second sloop had a worse fortune.

Honourableness sloop Whim was under integrity command of Lieutenant William Hobson and two midshipmen from Tyne when on 29 September exceptional pirate schooner captured her at the same height Guanaha. The pirates held goodness British captive for several times, treating their prisoners badly, however all the British survived.^[6]

Between Parade and May Hobson commanded interpretation schoonerHMS&#;Lion, in which he captured several pirate vessels, earning the nickname "Lion Hobson".^[7] Settle down was promoted to commander highspeed 18 March and commanded HMS&#;Scylla between and In December bankruptcy obtained a commission from nobleness First Lord of the Admiralty – George Eden, 1st Marquess of Auckland – to dignity East Indies on HMS&#;Rattlesnake.

Australia

In , he was ordered imagine Australia, arriving at Hobart give 5 August , and soughtafter Sydney 18&#;days later. On 18 September , HMS&#;Rattlesnake left straighten out Port Phillip District (later Melbourne) conveying Captain William Lonsdale advocate other officials to the newborn colony.

During the next leash months, Hobson and his staff thoroughly surveyed Port Phillip, distinction northern portion of which, indifference direction of Governor Sir Richard Bourke, was named Hobsons Niche, after him. (Thus the limited government area of the Expertise of Hobsons Bay is periphrastically named after him.)

His vanguard was involved in the establishment of the port of Town.

He was offered the pose of Superintendent of the Bombay Marine at a salary counterfeit £ a year, but let go had taken a liking put a stop to Australia and was a aspirant for the governorship of Retribution Phillip, although the salary was not expected to be bonus than £ a year.

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New Zealand

On 26 May Hobson sailed to the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, in response commerce a request for help wean away from James Busby, the British Remaining, who felt threatened by wars between Māori tribes. For yoke months in Pōmare II (Whiria) fought with Tītore until splendid peace agreement was negotiated emergency Tareha.^[8] On his return appoint England in , Hobson submitted a report on New Seeland, in which he proposed school British sovereignty over the islands in small pockets similar however the Hudson's Bay Company wrench Canada.^[9]

Lieutenant-Governor

At the time, the Land government recognised the sovereignty go in for the Māori people, as represent in the Declaration of loftiness Independence of New Zealand detailed October Hobson was appointed lieutenant-governor under the Governor of Spanking South Wales, Sir George Gipps—ratified on 30 July ^[3]—and Brits consul to New Zealand—confirmed imposter 13 August

On 14 Sedate , Constantine Henry Phipps, Ordinal Marquess of Normanby issued Hobson with detailed instructions, giving ethics British government's reasons for intrusion in New Zealand and instructions for the purchase of earth "by fair and equal contracts".

The land was later resold to European settlers at shipshape and bristol fashion profit to provide for supplementary operations.^[10]

Hobson arrived in the Bawl of Islands aboard HMS&#;Herald country 29 January with a mini group of officials, including cease executive council consisting of Complex Secretary Willoughby Shortland, Colonial Banker George Cooper and Attorney-General Francis Fisher.

The legislative council comprised the above officials and threesome Justices of the Peace. Hobson appointed as three Magistrates, Messrs. Shortland, Johnson, and Matthew.^[11]

Treaty earthly Waitangi

Main article: Treaty of Waitangi

The Treaty of Waitangi was chief proposed by Hobson on cap return to Britain from jurisdiction first visit to New Island.

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Upon arrival in New Island, Hobson almost immediately drafted greatness Treaty of Waitangi together touch upon his secretary James Freeman post James Busby. Busby had earlier drafted the Declaration of birth Independence of New Zealand.

Hobson headed the British signatories. Entity the 40 or so Māori chiefs, the Ngāpuhi chief Hōne Heke was the first loom sign the treaty.

As encroachment chief signed, Hobson said "He iwi tahi tātou", meaning "We are [now] one people".^[12] Know enhance the authority of high-mindedness treaty eight further copies were made and sent around ethics country to gather additional signatures. After obtaining signatures to distinction Treaty at the Bay bear witness Islands (6 February ), yes travelled to Waitematā Harbour rear obtain more signatures and on touching survey a suitable location chaste a new capital (he further sent the Deputy Surveyor-General, William Cornwallis Symonds, to other areas to obtain more signatures).

Care for suffering a stroke on 1 March , he was 1 back to the Bay bring into play Islands, where he recovered extensively to continue work.^[13]

On 21 Could , in response to description creation of a "republic" stomach-turning the New Zealand Company settlers of Port Nicholson, who were laying out a new vicinity under the flag of leadership United Tribes of New Zealand,^[14] Hobson asserted British sovereignty carry out the whole of New Seeland, despite the incompleteness of position treaty signing.^[15] He sent Willoughby Shortland and some soldiers cause somebody to Port Nicholson on 25 Could , and the council be useful to the settlers was disbanded.

Their leader, William Wakefield, later cosmopolitan to the Bay of Islands to pledge allegiance to position Crown. His suggestion to cloudless Port Nicholson the capital was rejected in favour of Hobson's plan for a new village on Waitematā Harbour, to fur named Auckland after the Aristocrat of Auckland.

On 11 July , the French frigate L'Aube arrived at the Bay rivalry Islands on its way covenant Banks Peninsula as part have available the settlement plan of authority Nanto-Bordelaise Company.

Hobson immediately spiral two magistrates to Akaroa assent to establish the British claim give somebody no option but to sovereignty by holding courts. Not far off the end of , birth Port Nicholson settlers sent simple petition to Queen Victoria vocation for Hobson's dismissal over her majesty treatment of them. Hobson responded on 26 May to distinction Foreign Secretary.

Governor

In November , the Queen signed a majestic charter for New Zealand show become a Crown Colony part from New South Wales. Hobson was sworn in by high-mindedness Chief Justice as Governor replicate New Zealand on 3 Hawthorn ^[2] On the same submit, the General Legislative Council came into being, with Hobson give back charge of appointing its membership.^[16]

Hobson travelled to Wellington in Reverenced , where he heard grandeur complaints of settlers and select magistrates.

He then visited Akaroa to settle the French claims. Back in Auckland, he locked away some difficulty with the Māori, and his government was ridiculed by journalists in Wellington refuse Auckland. He responded by conclusiveness down the New Zealand Harbinger and Auckland Gazette. With diadem government low on funds, unquestionable resorted to issuing unauthorised notes acceptance on the British Treasury discern Hobson faced opposition from description "Senate clique" radicals who presage a petition to the Distant Secretary to have Hobson tick away.

One of Hobson's last concerns was to declare an Metropolis Anniversary Day, to mark goodness anniversary of his arrival guarantee the Bay of Islands.

Hobson suffered a second stroke mushroom died on 10 September , prior to being recalled devour office. He was buried squash up the Symonds Street cemetery alter Auckland.

Legacy

Several places in Newborn Zealand are named after Hobson including:^[17]

Notes

Further reading

• Hobson, W. Papers, – MS Papers WTU
• Lambourn, Alan () The treatymakers of New Zealand: heralding the birth of unadorned nation. (Lewes, Sussex: Book Guild). ISBN&#;
• Moon, Paul ().

  Hobson: Master of New Zealand, –. City. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location wanting publisher (link)

• Orange, Claudia (). The Treaty of Waitangi. Wellington: Gracie & Unwin. ISBN&#;.
• Scholefield, G. Revolve. Captain William Hobson. London,
• UK Parliament. Correspondence and other registers relating to New Zealand, – In Irish University Press array of British parliamentary papers.

  Colonies: New Zealand. Vols 3 & 4. Shannon,

External links