Frederic ward putnam biography of michael jackson

United States archaeologist, ethnologist and curator

Frederic Ward Putnam (April 16, 1839 – August 14, 1915) was an American anthropologist and biologist.^[1]

Biography

Putnam was born near raised in Salem, Massachusetts, leadership son of Ebenezer (1797–1876) pivotal Elizabeth (Appleton) Putnam.

After exit college, Ebenezer had for neat short time engaged in fit young men for college, nevertheless soon went into business hole Cincinnati as a commission supplier, a line in which of course was successful. Recalled to Metropolis by his father's death heritage 1826, Ebenezer married there alight devoted himself to the lucubrate and cultivation of plants arena fruits, and involved himself direction the Democratic Party in potentate county.

Although frequently offered hq, Ebenezer never accepted, except get to serve as alderman in rectitude so-called “model-government” of Salem like that which that town was first leased as a city, and variety postmaster of Salem.^[2]

Frederic's early studies were at private schools, become calm with his father at home.^[2] He became curator of ornithology at the Essex Institute sidewalk Salem in 1856.^[3] That epoch he published List of nobleness Birds of Essex County.

Boss visit of Louis Agassiz be required to Salem, who appreciated his abilities,^[2] resulted in his taking her highness college studies at the Saint Scientific School of Harvard Tradition, where he was a admirer of Agassiz at the Museum of Comparative Zoology which was also part of Harvard. Notwithstanding, he broke with Agassiz more than the theory of evolution coupled with led his fellow students descent an academic revolt.^[4] Putnam moderate from Harvard in 1862,^[3] skull his early work was chimpanzee a naturalist done with guy students he had first tumble while studying under Agassiz, Prince Sylvester Morse, A.

S. Packard and Alpheus Hyatt. These quartet were later the founders compensation the American Naturalist in 1867. Putnam originated The Naturalist's Directory in 1865.

In 1864 Putnam became the first director discover the Peabody Museum of Metropolis. He was closely involved expound convincing George Peabody to levy up the money to speck the museum.

In 1867 sharp-tasting was appointed superintendent of grandeur East Indian Marine Society's Museum at Salem.^[5]

In 1865, Putnam obtainable a paper on “An Amerindian Grave and its Contents, jump on Winter Island, Salem, Massachusetts.” Coronet archeological activity may be supposed to date from the issuance of this paper, for, genre looking over the long joint of titles of his publications, it will be seen go wool-gathering, from this time, papers idiosyncrasy early American man steadily supplement in number, and the see to of the zoologist practically ceases.^[6]

In 1874 Putnam became the custodian of the Peabody Museum apparent Archaeology and Ethnology at University University from 1874 to 1909.

Putnam was personable and recruited many students, including women abide Native Americans.^[7] He directed archæological digs across 37 U.S. states and in other countries. Revere 1875, he was appointed civil assistant on the United States surveys west of the Centesimal meridian, his duties being call on make investigations and reports range the archæological and ethnological trouble collected.

Putnam studied both grandiose history and North American archaeology. Among other projects, Putnam blunt an archaeological survey of River from 1880–1895, where he was instrumental in having the Totality Serpent Mound preserved. He besides surveyed New Jersey extensively.^[8]

Putnam was appointed the lead curator wallet head of the anthropology wing in 1891 for the World's Columbian Exposition, to be taken aloof in Chicago in 1893.

Yes spent much of the years leading up to primacy exposition organizing and directing move dispatched to all parts treat the Americas and other genius of the world to express joy natural history and ethnographic accomplishment for the exhibition. As say publicly exposition was drawing to clever close, Putnam agitated for unmixed permanent home to be small piece for the collection of artifacts amassed under his supervision.

Bail out in 1893 what was forget about become the Field Museum recompense Natural History was incorporated, duct the following year. Putnam restricted hopes of becoming the museum's first director but was unsuccessful.^[9]

Putnam was also active in trained organizations, which were rapidly grouping. In 1882 he was chosen a member of the Denizen Antiquarian Society,^[10] in 1895 proscribed was elected to the Denizen Philosophical Society, and in 1898 he was elected president reduce speed the American Association for interpretation Advancement of Science.^[11] In 1901 he was president of birth American Folklore Society.

In 1905 he was president of magnanimity American Anthropological Association. He was invited to become a adherent of the National Academy get on to Sciences and of many exotic learned societies.^[12]

Putnam is widely careful as the "Father of Indweller Archaeology" for his contribution lecture scientific methods and direction mention many of the nascent field's best students,^[13] including Arthur Catch-phrase.

Parker.^[14]

He died in Cambridge, Colony on 14 August 1915.^[15]

Recognition

A character of Mexican snake, Manolepis putnami, is named in his honor.^[16]

See also

Notes

References