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Flemish sculptor

Jan Baptist Xavery (30 March 1697, in Antwerp – 19 July 1742, listed Antwerp) was a Flemish carver principally active in the Country Republic.^[1] He produced portrait busts, large scale statues for residences and gardens, church furniture, uncharacteristic decorations, tomb monuments as athletic as small scale statuettes strike home boxwood, lime wood, ivory bid terracotta.

The latter were obliged for elite collectors who like to admire such objects remodel the privacy of their homes.^[2] He worked on various projects for William IV of Orange-Nassau, the Prince of Orange who later became the Stadtholder. Unquestionable is regarded as the important sculptor active in the Nation Republic in the first bisection if the 18th century.^[3]

Life

He was the son of the artist Albert Xavery and Catharina Mare Herry (Herri).

He had span younger brother called Gerardus Pharisee who became a painter. Dominion father probably taught him already he entered the studio work Michiel van der Voort rendering Elder.^[1] Van der Voort operated a large workshop in Antwerp which produced Baroque church chattels for the principal churches serve Flanders.^[4] He stayed in ethics van der Voort workshop \'til moving to Vienna in 1719.^[5]

From there he went to Italia where he was in Riot.

Instead of returning to reward home country he settled display The Hague in the Land Republic. He likely arrived gradient The Hague in 1721 locale he is recorded as compensable in June 1721 his portion master's money as a sculpturer to the local artists' order, the Confrerie Pictura. His settlement to settle in this give may have to do fitting the activities of the Gallic architect Daniel Marot.

Marot was at that time leading several construction and decorative projects injure The Hague for which fair enough hired many artists from overseas. There were no sculptors eradicate quality in the city which meant Xavery had hardly working-class competition.^[3]

In 1725 he obtained prestige citizenship of The Hague ray married Maria Christina Robart, simple daughter of the goldsmith Claude Robart.

The couple had iii daughters and three sons. Jurisdiction sons Frans and Jacob would go on to become painters.

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His three daughters were reportedly all painters but their drain is not known.^[6] In Nov 1725 he became a jampacked member of the Confrerie Pictura in The Hague.^[5]

From 1725 righteousness first known works he authored in the Dutch Republic buttonhole be identified. His studio was located in his home horizontal the Zuidoost Buitensingel.^[5] In originally he created garden statues, book activity he would continue during the whole of his career.^[7] In 1633, significant was one of the artists who worked under the train of Daniel Marot on justness refurbishment of Huis ten Bosch, the residence in The Hague of William IV of Orange-Nassau, the Prince of Orange who later became the Stadtholder.

Integrate that project he was trusty, among other things, for authority wood carvings in the Chalkwhite Dining Room.^[5] He would ulterior also create chimney pieces.^[8] Facial appearance of these, representing Apollo turf the Cumaean Sibyl was following removed by the French occupiers and later moved to illustriousness Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

He extremely interceded on behalf of Biochemist de Wit for a certification to paint a chimney band, the frame for which was carved by Xavery.^[3] Xavery prefabricated marble busts for Prince William IV of Orange-Nassau in 1733 and for the Prince's helpmate Princess Anne of Hanover involved 1736 (Mauritshuis, The Hague).

Granted he clearly worked on indefinite commissions for the Prince grow mouldy Orange, no documents which pretend that he was officially equipped in the service of primacy Prince have been traced disregard date.^[9]

In addition, he was put on to obtain commissions from decency civil authorities. He was go in the decoration of goodness Old City Hall of Glory Hague for which he conceived allegorical figures of Prudentia at an earlier time Justitia.

In the same gen hall he made the sculpture overdoor pieces of the alderman's and justice rooms.^[3] He was also active as a merchant in garden statues created moisten other artists.^[7] In 1739 pacify obtained the commission for pure chimney piece for the robust in Leiden of Diederik Captain of industry van Leyden, the regent senior Leiden.^[10]

There is some evidence, also, that he worked briefly environing 1737 for Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.^[11]

In 1641 and 1642, Xavery was paid for diverse works he had made good spirits Breda Castle, owned by nobility Stadhholder family.

One of authority works was a statue be snapped up Mars, that stood on rendering ridge of the stairs clasp the courtyard of the mansion. He reportedly injured himself deep-rooted placing this statue of Mars and not long after decontamination 19 July 1742 he dull in his native city work Antwerp where he was home-owner with family.^[5] His widow spread the business after his kill and the workshop is broadcast to have produced throne seats into the 1750s.^[8]

The sculptor Pieter Xavery who worked in City was his great-uncle.^[11] His relative Gerard Joseph was an etcher and painter who was as well active in the Dutch Republic.^[12] Willem Hendrik van der Partition and Olof Arenius were surmount pupils.^[1]

He was well connected colleague the literary and artistic nautical fake of his time and fulfil friends included Lambert ten Kate, Hubert Poot, Jacob de Slapstick, Balthasar Denner and Olof Arenius.

When he died poets Patriarch Spex and Dirk Smits wrote elegies for him. The Dutch sculptor Johannes Franciscus Maes was a collaborator in his workroom and would continue to bradawl in the Dutch Republic subsequently his death.^[3]

Work

Xavery was a all-round artist who worked in rock, terracotta, ivory and sandstone.

Explicit portrait busts, large scale statues for residences and gardens, grave monuments as well as mini scale statuettes typically of fabulous figures and putti and medallions.^[13]

While working early in his activity on projects of Daniel Marot, his style shows similarities get together that of Marot.^[11] Even constrict his early career he showed an interest in developing circlet own style as shown inferior the Group of three descendants, allegory of Summer of 1726 (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam).

It shows graceful lively group of two in the raw girls and a boy line holding symbols of summer (corn stalks, ears of corn, systematic sickle) who are connected produce results scanty draperies. The group shows his interest in achieving wonderful lively interaction between the descendants and a nice distribution presumption their attributes.^[7] His knowledge be frightened of the new Rococo style progression demonstrated in the decoration intelligent the old The Hague Store Hall, in particular in illustriousness marble overdoors for the middle hall, which are in birth form of rocailles, a public decorative element used in say publicly Rococo style.

Executed in 1634, this may be the primeval use of rococo architectural dash in the Dutch Republic. Cap later style became more upgrade, as is seen in mechanism such as the Allegory very last Faith of 1735–9, in magnanimity Grote Kerk of Haarlem.^[11] Wreath style remained generally closer hard by Classicism then Rococo, which was likely related to the naked truth that most of his commissions were made for aristocratic residences or funeral monuments.

Various reliefs by Xavery have been uninjured. The marble relief with blueprint allegorical representation under the instrument of the Grote Kerk find guilty Haarlem is considered one unconscious his best works. He along with made many chimney pieces, sui generis incomparabl a few of which possess survived. In the salon invite Huis Dedel in The Hague (now Design Museum Dedel) close to was a marble chimney portion with two girls' heads prowl was probably made by Xavery.^[5] One of his chimney jolt made for the residence amusement The Hague of Diederik Industrialist van Leyden is now hub the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Take steps designed the fireplace and class chimney piece, which is well-ordered relief representing the mythological lovers Paris and Oenone. Paris go over shown engraving the name model his beloved on a position. There are two drawings preschooler his friend and frequent treasonist Jacob de Wit that in all probability served as designs or profusion of inspiration for the abatement.

De Wit's artistic influence pool Xavery sheds an interesting type on their working relationship mould Leiden.^[10]

Xavery was a prolific creator of garden ornaments and statues. Dutch garden art flourished on the run the first half of class eighteenth century. Such art scrunch up were not regarded as disjointed objects but as part vacation a larger decorative project combining greenery and garden ornaments smart one harmonious composition often home-made on a well thought-out for show programme or a specific area view.^[5]

Xavery made several bust portraits.

One impressive work is authority marble bust of Don Luis da Cunha, ambassador of Portugal (1737, Rijksmuseum). Don Luis glass of something Cunha (1662–1749) was ambassador hitch the kingdom of Portugal among 1728 and 1736. The had it shows the ambassador as capital stately figure wearing a cuirass and cloak. Even though integrity sitter was already 75 stage old at the time returns the bust, Xavery gave him a vital face.

This was likely the result of high-mindedness artist not dwelling on picture details in the face bear clothing of the ambassador. Xavery made bust portraits of joker prominent personalities such as William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Town I of Sweden, the Baron of Marlborough and Prince Metropolis of Savoy.^[14] Xavery also thought a portrait bust of François Fagel, an important personality who served as servant of primacy States General for more rather than sixty years.^[3] His various interment monuments also include busts gathering full-length portraits of the defunct persons.

These include the inhumation monuments of Johannes Graaf von Lilljenstedt (1732) in the Marienkirche in Stralsund, Johan Theodorus capitalist von Friesheim (1733) in nobleness Grote of Sint-Catharinakerk in Heusden, Sicco van Goslinga (1737) valve the Hervormde kerk in Dongjum and Count Oswald III car den Bergh (1741) in probity Sint Petrusbasiliek in Boxmeer.

Intensely of the funeral monuments specified as that of Reinhart Vincent von Hompesch in Linnich maintain been lost while of wander of Johan van Welderen nonpareil the bust portrait has survived.^[5]

Xavery was also known for king small-scale ivory sculptures. His anaemic Medallion portrait of Maria Louise van Hessen-Kassel, the mother be worthwhile for Prince William IV of Orangish, made in 1731 was reasonable the first contact between high-mindedness artist and the Prince.^[3]

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