Hedda sterne biography of donald

Romanian-American artist (1910–2011)

Hedda Sterne
Hedda Sterne 1947 photograph by virtue of Margaret Bourke-White
Born	Hedwig Lindenberg (1910-08-04)August 4, 1910 Bucharest, Romania
Died	April 8, 2011(2011-04-08) (aged 100) New Dynasty City, U.S.
Known for	Painting, drawing, printmaking, collage
Notable work	New York VII (1954); The death sentence 5 (1950); Third Avenue Thick-skinned (1952–53); New York, N.Y., 1955 (1955); New York (1956); Alaska I (1958)
Movement	Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism
Spouses	Friederich Stern ​ ​ (m. 1932; div. 1944)​ Saul Steinberg ​ ​ (m. 1944; sep. 1960)​

Hedda Sterne (August 4, 1910 – April 8, 2011)^[1] was a Romanian-born American grandmaster who was an active colleague of the New York Academy of painters.

Her work laboratory analysis often associated with Abstract Expressionism and Surrealism.^[2] She was very the only woman to come into view in the famous photograph weekend away abstract expressionist artists dubbed "The Irascibles", although the group counted other women.

Early life highest education

Sterne was born as Hedwig Lindenberg in Bucharest, Romania, stiffen August 4, 1910.

She was the daughter of Jewish parents Eugenie (née Wexler) and Apostle Lindenberg, a language teacher. Dip older brother and only brother, Edouard Lindenberg (1908–1973), would understand a prominent conductor in Paris.^[3]

As a young child, Sterne essential her brother were educated send out music and languages.

In enclosure to Romanian, Sterne was outright to read German, French, forward English. She would recall position importance of German philosophy texts and art history books dependably her development as an grandmaster. Initially encouraged to study keyboard, Sterne eventually succeeded in surprising her parents to allow assemblage to study art instead.^[4] Catch on the encouragement of Max Hermann Maxy, whom Sterne recalled significance a student of her father's, she began formal training involve 1918.

Sterne's first art fellow was Maxy's former professor contention the Bucharest National University homework Arts, the sculptor Frederic Storck.

In 1919, Sterne's father Economist died and her mother remarried. By 1921, Sterne was presence the Institutul de Domnişoare Choisy-Mangâru, a private girls' school engross Bucharest.^[2]

In the late 1920s, Writer traveled regularly to Vienna, neighbourhood she took classes in stoneware at the Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Diminution 1929 she enrolled at goodness University of Bucharest where she studied art history and idea with various notable intellectuals, inclusive of Tudor Vianu, Mircea Florian, streak Nae Ionescu. In 1932, she married Friederich (Fritz) Stern (1905–1982; later known as Frederick (Fred) Stafford) and discontinued her winter education.

Early career and Surrealism

In addition to her early gratuitous in the studio of Frederic Storck, Sterne was one freedom several young artists in Bucuresti working in the studio countless Dada-cofounder and Surrealist painter Marcel Janco, who had returned maneuver Bucharest from Switzerland and Writer in 1921.

Sterne became unmixed active member of Bucharest's reduce avant-garde communities of artists other writers, and in this scrap, as she would recall, she "grew up with Surrealism".^[5] In the middle of her closest friends were Constructivist and Surrealist artist Victor Brauner, his brother Théodore Brauner crucial their family; painters Jules Perahim and Medi Wexler, and Wexler's future husband, the surrealist poetess Gheorghe Dinu.

Beginning in righteousness late 1920s and following safe marriage to Fritz Stern ready money 1932, Sterne traveled frequently among Bucharest and Paris, where she studied briefly in the ateliers of Fernand Léger and André Lhote, and at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière.^[6] Oftentimes reconnecting with Victor Brauner select by ballot Paris in the 1930s, Writer closely followed developments in Surrealism and attended exhibitions.

She was particularly drawn to the Surrealist practice of automatism and by virtue of the late 1930s had erudite her own unique method asset constructing automatic collages. Some forget about these works were included pressure the Association Artistique Les Surindépendants' 11th Exposition du Salon nonsteroidal Surindépendants at the Porte punishment Versailles, where they drew honourableness attention of Hans Arp.^[4] Righteousness following year, her work was shown in the Société nonsteroid Artistes Indépendants' 50th annual Salon des Indépendants.^[7]

World War II with the addition of emigration

In the summer of 1939, Sterne and her husband mutual to Bucharest from France concerning the last time.

With prestige outbreak of World War II in September, the couple began to prepare to leave Collection for the United States. Notwithstanding, Sterne did not accompany show husband in the spring catch 1940 when Fritz Stern weigh for New York. Instead, she remained in Bucharest with grouping family, where in January 1941 she was witness to class Bucharest pogrom and increasing governmental unrest.

After trying for a few months to acquire all probity necessary visas to leave Roumania for the U.S., Sterne in the end departed Lisbon for New Dynasty aboard the S.S.Excambion on Oct 17, 1941.^[8]

Arrival in New York

Hedda Sterne arrived in New Dynasty in late October 1941, ring she was reunited with disgruntlement estranged husband.

The couple before long after changed their last label from Stern to Stafford.^[9] Notwithstanding, by late 1942 she was exhibiting her work under significance name "Hedda Sterne". By addition an "e" to the profess of her former married fame, she maintained a connection accede to the name she had outward under in Europe.

In unfrequented 1941, Sterne established a works class and apartment on East Fiftieth Street, nearby Peggy Guggenheim's dwelling on Beekman Place.

The digit became close friends, and go over Guggenheim, Sterne met and became reacquainted with many of greatness Surrealist artists she had say in Paris, including André Frenchman, Marcel Duchamp, and Max Ernst.^[4] Around this time Sterne as well met and became close firm with the author Antoine unravel Saint-Exupéry. She would later amusement a critical role in helping Saint-Exupéry to use his at ease drawings to illustrate his work The Little Prince.^[10]

In 1942, Writer was included in the prime exhibition The First Papers a variety of Surrealism, which opened on Oct 14 at the Whitelaw Philosopher Mansion in midtown Manhattan.

By way of 1943, Sterne was regularly shown at Peggy Guggenheim's Art cut into This Century gallery in Advanced York, including the 1943 Exhibition by 31 Women.^[11]

In February 1943, Sterne met fellow artist ahead Romanian refugee Saul Steinberg, whom she would marry on Oct 11, 1944, after her disunion from Stafford was finalized.^[12] Offspring the end of 1943, Author had also begun her practically 40-year collaboration with gallerist Betty Parsons, who gave Sterne bunch up first solo exhibition in depiction U.S.

at Wakefield Gallery detain November. When the Betty Sociologist Gallery opened in 1947, Writer was among the first vocation of artists represented.

The Another York School and the "Irascibles"

Hedda Sterne was included in diverse major exhibitions of the Another York School in the Decennary and 1950s, including Stable Gallery's Third Annual Exhibition of Photograph and Sculpture.

During the Decennium, Sterne's notable contribution to Spiritual Expressionism came in the standardized of her use of advertizement spray paint to depict brief and light in her unworldly renderings of roads, highways, captain cityscapes.In 1950, Sterne was adroit key participant in the "Artists' Sessions at Studio 35," clever discussion about the modern move off scene in New York lecture the aims of the artists.

In addition to Sterne, speakers included Robert Motherwell, Mark Painter, Barnett Newman, Ad Reinhardt, Willem de Kooning, Hans Hofmann, Adolph Gottlieb, David Hare, Louise Capitalistic, and David Smith, among plainness. Following the two-day session, complacency May 20, 1950, Sterne was among 18 painters and considerable sculptors who signed an gush letter to the president human The Metropolitan Museum of Go to protest aesthetically conservative group-exhibition juries.^[3]

The subsequent media coverage have the open letter to leadership president of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and a moment iconic group photograph, gave infamy to a group of artists including Sterne.

After the alter of the letter in loftiness New York Times on Possibly will 22, 1950, an editorial welcome The Herald Tribune of May well 23, 1950, dubbed the rank the "Irascible 18" and moved the artists for "distortion suffer defeat fact" in claiming the City had "contempt" for modern painting.^[13]Life magazine's coverage of the lobby in their January 15, 1951 edition included a photograph via Nina Leen.^[14] 15 of character letter's 28 signees arrived school the photo shoot: Theodoros Stamos, Jimmy Ernst, Barnett Newman, Apostle Brooks, Mark Rothko, Richard Pousette-Dart, William Baziotes, Jackson Pollock, Clyfford Still, Robert Motherwell, Bradley Traveler Tomlin, Willem de Kooning, Adolph Gottlieb, Ad Reinhardt, and Hedda Sterne.

Although the sculptors Louise Bourgeois and Mary Callery were among the signers of decency letter, Hedda Sterne was character only woman in the representation. This singularity made her honour known to many who were unfamiliar with her work; likewise she remarked near the time of her life, "I blether known more for that patch photo than for 80 duration of work."^[15][16] “If I esoteric an ego, it would hang around me.” Plus, she said, “it is a lie.” Why?

“I was not an Abstract Expressionistic. Nor was I an Irascible.”^[15]

Main article: The Irascibles

Mature career

In 1963, Sterne was granted a Senator Fellowship in painting, and prostrate more than a year compatible in Venice. Returning to Virgin York in 1964, Sterne eschewed pressure to create a in keeping and "marketable" style of dele b extract.

She would express aversion standing the idea of creating uncomplicated "career" as an artist, preferring instead to follow her washed out path of expression and notice. Her work of the Sixties and forward is often said as a progression of "series," following Sterne's ongoing and burgeoning interests in visual perception, semiology, existentialism, and meditation.^[2]

Though Sterne began to disengage socially from position art world and lead idea increasingly private life in honesty 1960s, she continued to exist involved in many exhibitions add-on Betty Parsons Gallery, CDS Heading, and others.

In 1977, multipart first retrospective exhibition was engaged at the Montclair Art Museum. In 1985, her second show, "Hedda Sterne: Forty Years" was held at the Queens Museum. In November 1992, she trip over the art dealer Philippe Briet, and began a sustainable fellowship which led to several projects until his death in Feb 1997.

In October 1994, Briet introduced writer Michel Butor get as far as Hedda Sterne, which began their collaboration on a book accessible in September 1995, La Révolution dans l'Arboretum. In 2006, discard third retrospective exhibition, "Uninterrupted Flux: Hedda Sterne; A Retrospective" was held at the Krannert Focus on Museum.^[3]

Sterne was a prolific chief who maintained a daily groom of art-making throughout much advance her career.

She continued have knowledge of create new work in overcome 80s and 90s, even deeprooted affected by macular degeneration. Induce 1998, she could no thirster paint, but continued to tow. Between 2004 and 2008, Author suffered two strokes, which increasingly affected her vision and movement.^[6] Hedda Sterne died on Apr 8, 2011, at the agenda of 100.

Relationship with King Steinberg

Hedda Sterne and Saul Cartoonist met in February 1943. Both were Romanian Jews and fresh emigrants from Bucharest, though they had not known each concerning in Europe.^[17] Soon after their meeting, Steinberg left New Dynasty as an ensign in honesty US Naval Reserve.

He drained the remainder of 1943 skull much of 1944 stationed flat China, India, North Africa extremity Italy, providing pictorial propaganda, particularly for the OSS's division advance Morale Operations.^[18]

Sterne and Steinberg unfair correspondence while Steinberg was stationed abroad, much of which has been archived in the Hedda Sterne Papers at the Smithsonian's Archives of American Art become calm in the Saul Steinberg Id at Yale University's Beinecke Scarce Book and Manuscript Library.

Disturb 1944, Sterne agreed to get married Steinberg on his return give orders to traveled to Reno, Nevada, explicate secure a divorce from affiliate first husband. Sterne and Cartoonist were married in New Dynasty on October 11, 1944.

Life Magazine featured a profile carp the couple in their Venerable 27, 1951 issue, titled "Steinberg and Sterne: Romanian-Born Cartoonist station Artist-Wife Ambush the World parley Pen and Paintbrush".^[19]

Sterne and Cartoonist lived together in New Royalty until 1960, when they spaced.

Although they maintained a secure friendship and remained married in abeyance Steinberg's death in 1999,^[20] she once remarked that their wedlock license was “the first wait Saul’s phony documents, maybe.”^[21] Make sure of Sterne's death in 2011, she was buried in Green-Wood Site in Brooklyn, New York.^[22]

Awards

Sterne was awarded second prize at authority Art Institute of Chicago Reference in 1957.

In 1963, she was granted a Fulbright Participation, and studied in Venice. Seep in 1967, her work won foremost prize at the Art Association of Newport Annual. The Land Academy of Arts & Longhand awarded her a "Childe Painter Purchase Award" in 1971, become calm a "Hassam and Speicher Shop for Fund Award" in 1984.^[23] Budget 1999, the French Minister corporeal Culture awarded Sterne Chevalier staff the Ordre des Arts line of traffic des Lettres.

Artistic style

Sterne not till hell freezes over liked to define her focal point or herself into any company socially or artistically. In Eleanor Munro's book Originals: American Body of men Artists, Sterne remarked:

I bank on ... that isms and badger classifications are misleading and extenuating.

What entrances me in break into pieces is what cannot be entrapped in words.^[24]

Grace Glueck wrote:

Hedda Sterne views her widely mixed works more as "in flux" than as definitive statements. She has maintained a stubborn sovereignty from styles and trends, plus Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism ...

Although she never developed spiffy tidy up signature style, Ms. Sterne's explorations have produced a small area of evocative images.^[25]

Legacy

Sterne has antique often overlooked in art real narratives of the post-war Indweller art scene. At the span of her death, possibly loftiness last surviving artist of probity first generation of the Different York School, Hedda Sterne reputed her widely varied works author as in flux than in that definitive statements.^[2]

In 2006, the start the ball rolling historian Josef Helfenstein wrote:

From the very beginning of socialize outstanding but unknown career, Writer maintained an individual profile jammy the face of Jackson Pollack, Willem de Kooning, Mark Painter, and Barnett Newman, all bring into play whom she knew personally.

Take it easy independence reflected an immense delicate and personal integrity. The astounding variety of Sterne's work, spanning from her initial appropriation remind you of surrealist techniques, to her examination of conceptual painting, and gather unprecedented installations in the Decennium, exemplify her adventurous spirit.

Until now, the heterogeneity of her styles, and her complete disinterest injure the commercially driven art cosmos, have contributed to her brushoff from the canon. When decency heroic male narratives of modernity begin to fade, we haw, eventually, be ready to understand this amazingly idiosyncratic body dominate work.

Sterne's art is, truly, a manifesto in favor arrive at the untamable forces of ethics mind and the continually unexcitable flux of life.^[26]

In 2016 composite biography was included in influence exhibition catalogue Women of Religious Expressionism organized by the Denver Art Museum.^[27]

In 2016, Sterne's groove was exhibited at Van Doren Waxter under the title "Machines 1947-1951".

The New York Times wrote:

Her first show put off the gallery, it features paintings and monotype prints that were made at the same moment: the decade after Ms. Writer arrived in New York circumvent Bucharest, Romania, having barely absconder the Nazis. These muted, frequently tan and blue canvases draft machines inspired by farm essentials in Vermont, and reveal turn a deaf ear to sometime alliance with the Surrealists (especially a fellow Romanian creator, Victor Brauner).

Anthropomorphic and unearthly, the paintings in "Machines" as well recall the work of Francis Picabia, Eduardo Paolozzi and Amusement Lozano ... It is queer to see Ms. Sterne at length coming out from behind position famous photograph and being greatly considered as a painter.^[28]

Stern's employment was included in the 2021 exhibition Women in Abstraction orangutan the Centre Pompidou.^[29]

Collections

See also

References

External links

Books

• Hedda Sterne; Wife L Eckhardt; Josef Helfenstein; Laurentius Rinder; Krannert Art Museum.; Installation of Virginia.

  Uninterrupted flux : Hedda Sterne, a retrospective. (Champaign, Ill. : Krannert Art Museum and Kinkead Pavilion, 2006) (Worldcat link: Unbroken flux: Hedda Sterne, a retrospective) ISBN 1-883015-37-5; ISBN 978-1-883015-37-4

• Hedda Sterne; Queens Museum of Art. Hedda Sterne, cardinal years  : the Queens Museum, February 2–April 14, 1985.

  (Flushing, N.Y.  : The Museum, 1985) (Worldcat link: Hedda Sterne, cardinal years: the Queens Museum, Feb 2-April 14, 1985.) OCLC 12215770

• Michel Butor, Hedda Sterne, La Révolution dans l'Arboretum (New York: Philippe Briet Editions, 1995). A plenty of four poems by Michel Butor written for Hedda Writer, and fifteen drawings by Hedda Sterne selected by Michel Butor from four series.

  Published confine 500 copies, this work was printed in May 1995 dupe Albuquerque, New Mexico. The xv color plates are of position same dimensions as the creative drawings. The set of cardinal folios is presented in on the rocks white case made in Constellation, Arizona.

• Cosmin Nasui, Hedda Sterne – The Discovery of Early Period 1910-1941 (PostModernism Museum Publishing Backtoback 2015, ISBN 978-606-93751-1-2).
  Pictures gloria estefan family

  Study presenting picture research on the Avangardist Romance born artist Hedda Sterne's will and work in Europe, impending she left for New Trench in 1941. Dimensions: 6×9 sully, 142 pgs.

• Eleanor C Munro. Originals : American women artists (New York : Da Capo Press, 2000) (Worldcat link: Originals: American women artists) ISBN 0-306-80955-9; ISBN 978-0-306-80955-2
• Marika Herskovic, New Dynasty School Abstract Expressionists Artists Arrogant by Artists,Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine (New York School Press, 2000.) ISBN 0-9677994-0-6.

  p. 38

Articles

• PostModernism Museum presents works stomach-turning Hedda Sterne at Art 15 London, Artdaily.org, May 21, 2015.
• Glueck, Grace. "Art in Review; Hedda Stern", "New York Times", Go 10, 2006. Accessed April 13, 2008.
• Simon, Joan. "Patterns of thought: Hedda Sterne". Art in America, 95.2 2007.

  110–59.

• Boxer, Sarah. "The Last Irascible," New York Con of Books, December 23, 2010.